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RECOMMENDATIONS

There are endless brilliant resources out there for anybody learning neurology, but here are things I've found helpful.

YouTube

YouTube Channels

Neuro-ophthalmology with Dr. Andrew Lee - a YouTube channel with many short tutorials on all things neuro-ophthalmology. If you struggle to understand skew deviation, internuclear ophthalmoplegia and the ocular tilt reaction - Dr. Lee has you covered.

Dr Marty Samuels - Video Atlas of the Detailed Neurological Examination. Dr Samuels, sadly no longer with us, was a fantastic educator, and this is a worthy series to watch.

Dr Peter Johns' channel on vertigo and how to assess it. Dr Johns is an emergency physician who has great videos on the assessment of acute vertigo, including the proper use of HINTS testing, with examples of the signs.

Radiology Tutorials. Masses of useful content - for example CT brain changes in acute ischaemic stroke.

The Neurophile. Lots of useful neuroradiology content.


YouTube Videos

Relevant to radiology and key anatomy, for those who want it:

Instagram

A few accounts I follow are worth checking out. Short formats but lots of great micro-pearls, and also a great way to find out about Podcasts and Webinars.


Books

Stroke Syndromes - Caplan & van Gijn. This is a brilliant resource - with encyclopaedic information on clinical neuroanatomy in relation to strokes, including important anatomical variations.

Oxford Textbook of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia. Excellent content if you want to get better at this difficult area.

Neurological Differential Diagnosis - John Patten. A resource that is as artistically beautiful as it is clinically useful. It has aged well - the last edition was written in 1995 but the clinical anatomy is forever, as are Patten's insights.

Netter's Atlas of Anatomy. Great and beautiful neuroanatomy content, and Netter illustrated much more - including many clinical images relevant to neurology.

Neuroanatomy: an Illustrated Colour Text - Crossman & Neary. An essential book.

Basic Clinical Neuroanatomy - Paul A. Young & Paul H Young. A father-and-son duo who wrote a classic, with lots of clinical tips, and a fantastic localisation chapter at the back with short cases.

Clinically Oriented Anatomy - Moore. A great book. I find the best way to learn anatomy is with clinically meaningful examples for context - and the best way to learn clinical is to link it back to the anatomy. They are one thing, and if we unified them better, people would be less 'neurophobic'.

McLeod's Clinical Examination. The neurology chapter is concise and provides an excellent and practical approach.

Neurological Clinical Examination - Morris & Jankovic. A great book. Rather than describing the examination as one single sequence, the authors work in chapters aimed at specific problems - for example ptosis, the wasted hand or tremor - and provide a logical approach to problem-focused neurological assessment. The book is small, yet it's packed with diagrams and QR code links to video examples. Strongly recommend.


Journals - series and articles

Specific series

The New England Journal of Medicine: Case Records of the Massachussetts General Hospital. Find all the neurological ones and work through them - you'll see how the masters break down complex cases and form a differential diagnosis.

Neurology: Resident & Fellow section. There are so many great cases which are broken down, including focusing on clinical reasoning and localisation. There are also lots of great mini features, such as videos of clinical signs, or educational snippets.

Practical Neurology: Mimics & Chameleons. This is a running series of articles on specific diseases and how to diagnose them, including their many clinical manifestations - such as when they masquerade like other disorders ('chameleons') - and how to recognise other diseases that resemble them ('mimics'). There are articles on stroke/TIA, encephalitis, optic neuritis, motor neuron disease, functional neurological disorder, brain tumours - just about anything you could want. Every neurology resident should read the entire collection of these.

Practical Neurology: Clinicopathological conferences (CPCs). Annual conferences feature a 'mystery case' presented by an expert who did not meet the patient and does not know the final diagnosis. Their job is to work through the history, examination and results, and try to come up with a diagnosis. The end result is then given. Practical Neurology publishes the reports of these. If you want to see top-class neurological reasoning, look no further.

Specific articles

Firstly, Practical Neurology has so many great articles relevant to neurological diagnosis that it deserves its own list:

The below are articles from other journals which are also worth reading. Confusingly, some are from another journal called Practical Neurology, based in the US - and also extremely useful!


Websites

The Movement Disorder Society website - this is free for trainees/residents but you have to register. It has endless online content about Movement Disorders including recorded lectures and interactive tutorials.

Stroke Manual. A great, free resource with a lot of useful content, including on neuroanatomy and clinical features of different strokes, for example brainstem.

Eye Wiki. I'm not an ophthalmologist so much of this isn't for me - but the neuro-ophthalmology content is excellent.

European Academy of Neurology - eCampus (subscriber). Huge trove of content included pre-recorded lectures, podcasts and clinical cases.

neuroangio.org. Probably beyond the needs of most, including me - but if you want a reference for neurovascular anatomy this is an amazing resource.


Podcasts

Practical Neurology - case podcasts. Great, interactive discussions about cases, hosted by Professor Martin Turner and his specialist resident colleagues.

The Neurophobia podcast. This is a podcast some colleagues make, aimed at doctors early in their training (before neurology specialty training). The aim is to make neurology less 'scary' by talking through real cases for learning. I've featured a couple of times.


Other lesion cases

If you're into this sort of thing, there are endless other good lesion cases in the literature. I've compiled many here.


Cognitive syndromes

Rodriguez-Rivas et al. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Posterior Cortical Atrophy Presenting With Balint Syndrome. Neurology 2021


Unusual stroke syndromes

Bogousslavsky & Regli. Capsular genu syndrome. Neurology 1990

Mathew et al. Supplementary motor area stroke mimicking functional disorder. Stroke 2018

Adamovich et al. Teaching NeuroImages: Amnesia due to fornix infarction. Neurology 2009

Lopez-Blanco et al. Sudden bilateral ptosis as stroke onset. Practical Neurology 2021

Qi-Huang et al. Acute amnesia caused by left fornix infarction: A case report of an unusual entity. Radiology Case Reports 2022


Thalamic lesions

Wu et al. Wall-Eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Variant Syndrome Caused by Isolated Left Thalamic Infarction. Neurology 2024

Khayambashi et al. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Thalamic infarct with pseudo-abducens and vertical gaze palsies and an unusual stroke mechanism. Neurology 2016

Pal et al. Neurological picture Double depressor palsy caused by bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2008


Brainstem lesions

Midbrain

Nakamura et al. Teaching Video NeuroImage: Wernekink Commissure Syndrome. Neurology 2023

Gessani et al. Pearls & Oy-sters: Paroxysmal dysarthria-ataxia syndrome Acoustic analysis in a case of antiphospholipid syndrome. Neurology 2019

Cauchi et al. A difficult case. Paroxysmal dysarthria-ataxia syndrome. Practical Neurology 2023

Donaldseon & Margolin. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Vertical one-and-a-half syndrome. Neurology 2019

Rpjas et al. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Minimal anomalies of dorsal midbrain syndrome (Parinaud syndrome). Neurology 2017

Swinkin & Bui. Teaching NeuroImages: Acute Parinaud syndrome. Neurology 2017

Margolin & Emami 2020. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Convergence retraction nystagmus due to compressive lesion of the dorsal midbrain. Neurology 2020

Lee et al. Teaching Video NeuroImage: Isolated medial rectus palsy in midbrain infarction. Neurology 2008

Kim et al. Teaching NeuroImage: Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) from midbrain infarction. Neurology 2008

Pons

Zhuang et al. Bilateral facial colliculus syndrome caused by pontine tegmentum infarction: a case report. BMC Neurology 2021

Chen & Li. Teaching Video NeuroImage: Upbeat Nystagmus From Dorsolateral Pontine Hemorrhagic Transformation. Neurology 2026

Krasnianski et al. Gasperini syndrome as clinical manifestation of pontine demyelination. European Journal of Medical Research 2009

Selvadurai et al. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Foville syndrome. Neurology 2023

de Freitas & Moll. The Babinski–Nageotte syndrome. Neurology 2001

Nakane et al. Babinski-Nageotte syndrome on magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 1991

Ground et al. Pontine ischaemic stroke syndromes. Practical Neurology 2023

Evans et al. Putting pontine anatomy into clinical practice: the 16 syndrome. Practical Neurology 2016

Men et al. Image of the moment. One-and-a-half spectrum syndrome. Practical Neurology 2026

Espinosa. Teaching NeuroImage: One-and-a-half syndrome. Neurology 2008

Lim et al. Teaching Video NeuroImage: Seven-and-a-Half Syndrome. Neurology 2023

Medulla

Nakamura et al. Opalski syndrome. Ipsilateral hemiplegia due to a lateral-medullary infarction. Neurology 2010

Kesav et al. Teaching NeuroImage: Reinhold Hemimedullary Syndrome. Neurology 2023

Aghajan et al. Bilateral medial medullary infarct causing stepwise tetraparesis: delayed appearance of the ‘heart-shaped’ sign. Practical Neurology 2023

Agarwal & Raz. Bilateral medial medullary infarction: the airpod sign. Stroke 2023

Das et al. Teaching NeuroImages: Onion-skin pattern facial sensory loss. Neurology 2011


Cranial nerve palsies

Oculomotor (III)

Williams & Kattah. See-Saw Eyelid Saccades A Case of Post-Traumatic Occulomotor Nerve Synkinesis. Neurology 2024.

Facial (VI)

Campbell et al. Bilateral facial palsy due to Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Practical Neurology 2025.

Fujiwara et al. Two Cases of Heerfordt’s Syndrome: A Rare Manifestation of Sarcoidosis. Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2016.

Hypoglossal (XII)

Herath et al. Tapia's syndrome in a patient with COVID-19. Practical Neurology 2023

de Beer & Post. Teaching NeuroImages: Villaret syndrome. Neurology 2010

Hon et al. A difficult case. Occipital condyle syndrome: a rare manifestation of skull base tuberculosis. Practical Neurology 2026

Mirian et al. Teaching NeuroImage: Occipital Condyle Syndrome. Neurology 2024

Miyazaki et al. Teaching NeuroImage. Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy from tuberculous abscess. Neurology 2025

Multiple cranial neuropathies

Monteiro et al. Vernet syndrome: intracranial extension of a slow-growing mass. BMJ Case Reports 2019.

Herath et al. Neurological rarities. Tapia’s syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 Practical Neurology 2022

Gomathy et al. Clinicopathological conference. A case of multiple cranial nerve palsies. Practical Neurology 2021

Cabreira et al. Collet-Sicard syndrome secondary to internal carotid artery dissection: a firing link. Neurohospitalist 2020

Neo & Lee. Collet-Sicard syndrome: a rare but important presentation of internal jugular vein thrombosis. Practical Neurology 2015

Theodorou et al. Collet–Sicard syndrome due to cervical artery dissection disclosed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. European Journal of Neurology 2024


Horner's syndrome

Shanmugathas et al. Pancoast tumour presenting as shoulder pain with Horner's syndrome. BMJ Case Reports 2018

Saleemi et al. Horner’s syndrome secondary to internal carotid artery occlusion. BMJ Case Reports 2020

Shaji et al. Benign thyroid swelling presenting as Horner’s syndrome. BMJ Case Reports 2020


Spinal cord lesions

Zhao et al. Intracranial subarachnoid haemorrhage cased by cervical spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: case report. Frontiers in Neurology 2021

Meng et al. Traumatic Brown-Séquard syndrome: modern reminder of a neurological injury. BMC Case Rports

Meng et al. Spinal cord infarction presenting as Brown-Séquard syndrome from spontaneous vertebral artery dissection: a case report and literature review. BMC Neurology 2019

Sun et al. Pearls & Oy-stars: bibrachial amyotrophy from a dural tear. Neurology 2024 Berry-Noronha et al. Image of the moment. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Practical Neurology 2024